Other airport-related projects include, among others, work performed on the runway pavement at the Denver International Airport, Puerto Rico's Luis Muñoz Marín Int'l Airport, taxiway at Houston's Hobby Airport, and several military installations."; project_category[0] = "Concretejoints, Concreteverticalstructures"; project_keywords[0] = "Forensicinvestigations;Repairandrehabilitation;Concretejoints;Concreteverticalstructures;PrecastPrestressedconcrete;Structuraldesign;Structuralcapacityanalysis"; project_photonumber[0] = "4"; project[1] = "aescoal"; project_name[1] = "Coal Combustion By-Product"; project_location[1] = "San Juan, Puerto Rico"; project_description[1] = "CA was retained by AES Puerto Rico to work on developing and evaluating alternatives for the utilization of coal combustion by-products from the production of electricity by AES in their plant in Guayama, Puerto Rico. Among the many alternatives developed, the use of the by-product for producing unbound granular fill and base material for highway construction and in flowable fill applications in construction were found to be very promising. CA performed materials characterization as well as trial mixes and mock-up placements for this application. The evaluation and analysis of the strength development properties and chemical and mineralogical examination of samples at different ages and different exposure conditions was done in collaboration with Texas A & M University. Of great importance was the development of the necessary guidelines for ensuring the dimensional stability of the material while in service."; project_category[1] = "industrialby-products"; project_keywords[1] = "Materialsdevelopment;IndustrialBy-Products;Materialsevaluation;Productdevelopment"; project_photonumber[1] = "4"; project[2] = "aggregate"; project_name[2] = "Storage of Manufactured Aggregate"; project_location[2] = "Manzanillo, Dominican Republic"; project_description[2] = "CA was retained for the investigation into the alleged distress caused by the handling and storage of manufactured aggregate in the Dominican Republic. All of the materials testing reported by the different independent testing agencies confirmed that the raw materials were nonhazardous, non-toxic, and do not represent a danger or hazard to the environment. Visual inspection of the alleged affected areas at the ports of Manzanillo and Arroyo Barril revealed no evidence of distress to the adjacent waters including mangroves and bay shoreline, nor to the adjacent vegetation. CA concluded that manufactured aggregate being stored and/or used at the ports of Manzanillo and Arroyo Barril was non-hazardous. However, there were some deficiencies in the handling, storage, and/or installation of this material at both facilities that needed to be addressed to comply with industry standards for these activities. CA recommended that, in order to ensure the long-term benefit of the cargo storage and truck parking/staging area, the entire area be compacted, regraded, surface sealed, and that a granular wear course be installed to prevent excessive surface wear and provide and act as a dust suppressant during traffic."; project_category[2] = "industrialby-products"; project_keywords[2] = "Environmentalassessments;IndustrialBy-Products;ForensicInvestigations;ConcreteMaterials;MaterialsEvaluation;Soilimprovementandstabilization"; project_photonumber[2] = "10"; project[3] = "calgary"; project_name[3] = "Calgary Ring Road"; project_location[3] = "Calgary, Alberta, Canada"; project_description[3] = "The Northeast portion of the Calgary Ring Road project consists of 13 miles of new four and six lane roadway around Calgary, Canada including 23 bridge structures and six interchanges. CA was retained to provide consulting services to assist the general contractor in the fabrication of the precast prestressed concrete girders especially under severe cold weather concreting conditions. Among others, work included an assessment and evaluation of the production of the high performance concrete, calibration of the batch plant, implementation of quality control procedures, concrete placement procedures, and providing recommendations for the production of the high performance concrete during cold and hot weather conditions. During several site visits CA evaluated the construction needs, quality control procedures, facilities available at the casting yard including casting bed and curing facilities, concrete production practices, batch plant setup, and mixture proportions. Most importantly, the work included providing recommendations for curing and early age protection of the precast girders thus allowing their fabrication to meet the contractual requirements while ensuring the quality, strength, durability and long term performance of the concrete in service. Field work also included several trial mixes for adjusting the mixture proportions and providing recommendations for batching high performance concrete. CA’s comprehensive plan for the curing and early age protection and production of high performance concrete resulted in significant benefits to the progress of construction especially allowing for the production of precast concrete girders during the severe winter months."; project_category[3] = "Concretepavements, Bridgesandelevatedstructures, Highperformanceconcrete"; project_keywords[3] = "Concretemixturedesign;Concreteproductionandplacement;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Concretepavements;Bridgesandelevatedstructures;Highperformanceconcrete;Concreteprotectionandcuring;Thermalanalysis"; project_photonumber[3] = "8"; project[4] = "castinplace"; project_name[4] = "Cast-In-Place Parking Garage"; project_location[4] = "Baton Rouge, Louisiana"; project_description[4] = "A four story, cast-in-place parking garage consisting of an elevated pan-joist slab system framed by post-tensioned beams provides a parking area and a structural frame foundation for a three story commercial office building. The elevated ramps for the parking garage exhibited distress in the form of full depth cracking in the elevated slabs parallel and adjacent to the post-tensioned beams and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the intermediate joists allowing for moisture migration and efflorescence to form on the underside of the elevated slab along the length of the cracks. CA performed, among other things, a detailed condition assessment of the structure, including crack maps of the entire parking structure, a review of drawings and plans, and a structural evaluation of the post-tensioned beam and joist framing system including their support and restraint conditions. CA determined the causes of the observed distress and developed recommendations for repair and remediation of the structure."; project_category[4] = "Post-tensionedconcrete, Concreteverticalstructures, Elevatedslabsslabsongrade"; project_keywords[4] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Post-tensionedconcrete;Concreteverticalstructures;Elevatedslabsslabsongrade;Fieldconditionsurvey;Fieldtesting"; project_photonumber[4] = "8"; project[5] = "crcp"; project_name[5] = "CRCP Interstate Intersection"; project_location[5] = "El Paso, Texas"; project_description[5] = "This project consisted of conducting an investigation into the cause(s) of the observed random cracking and poor quality finished surface in the continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) highway intersections along sections of Loop 375 in El Paso, Texas. During this investigation, CA conducted a visual inspection of the CRCP sections exhibiting distress, performed a petrographic examination of concrete cores obtained from the pavements being investigated, reviewed reports from other investigators, evaluated the concrete production records, and reviewed construction related documents including weather conditions and construction daily reports. Distress observed consisted primarily of poor quality finished surface and random plastic shrinkage cracking. Findings indicated that high evaporative weather conditions, lack of protection of the concrete surface, and poor curing practices contributed to the distress observed. The distressed CRCP highway sections were removed and replaced."; project_category[5] = "Concretepavements"; project_keywords[5] = "Forensicinvestigations;Concretepavements;Fieldconditionsurvey;Petrographicexamination;Concreteprotectionandcuring;Concretetesting"; project_photonumber[5] = "8"; project[6] = "cultural"; project_name[6] = "Mexican-American Cultural Center"; project_location[6] = "Austin, Texas"; project_description[6] = "This project was a joint effort between the City of Austin and Desarrollo Integral de Inmuebles, S.A. de C.V. in Mexico. Construction consisted of precast architectural white concrete panels produced in Mexico and cast-in-place architectural white concrete cast in Austin, Texas. Initially, CA was retained to investigate the cause of cracking and failure of some architectural precast panels upon delivery and/or erection of the panels in the project. CA determined that the cause of the cracking was related to the reinforcement and anchorage details associated with the lifting hooks. CA visited and worked with the contractor in Mexico casting the precast panels. In addition, CA worked with the owner in the development and implementation of the quality control and quality assurance procedures during the construction of the project. CA was also retained to determine the cause of inconsistencies in the color and appearance of the cast-in-place architectural concrete. CA developed recommendations to achieve the specified quality of the architectural concrete construction restoring the uniformity within the architectural concrete in the project in addition to facilitating the progress of the construction activities. Of great significance, CA’s work resulted in alternatives and recommendations to adequately fabricate and install the architectural precast panels meeting the needs of the contractor to achieve the specified project requirements."; project_category[6] = "Architecturalconcrete, Concreteverticalstructures, Precastprestressedconcrete"; project_keywords[6] = "Forensicinvestigations;Concretemixturedesign;Concreteproductionandplacement;Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Structuralassessments;Architecturalconcrete;Concreteverticalstructures;Precastprestressedconcrete"; project_photonumber[6] = "10"; project[7] = "discolorant"; project_name[7] = "Concrete Discoloration"; project_location[7] = "Houston, Texas"; project_description[7] = "The investigation consisted of determining the cause(s) of discoloration in the hard-troweled finished surface of the elevated structural slab in a high rise building. CA performed a visual inspection of the facility, extracted samples from the concrete surface, and performed a petrographic examination. The discolorations were found to be very shallow. The concrete sampled did not indicate the presence of any deficiencies in the concrete requiring any further actions other than the removal of the discoloration through very light polishing in order to restore consistency in the appearance of the elevated slab."; project_category[7] = "Elevatedslabsslabsongrade"; project_keywords[7] = "ForensicInvestigations;Repairandrehabilitation;Elevatedslabsslabsongrade;Petrographicexamination;Concretetesting"; project_photonumber[7] = "4"; project[8] = "doshermanos"; project_name[8] = "Dos Hermanos Bridge"; project_location[8] = "San Juan, Puerto Rico"; project_description[8] = "The Dos Hermanos Bridge structure, built in 1981, is one of the two ground-level links between the Islands of San Juan and Puerto Rico. As a result of the severe marine environment exposure conditions, a few years after its completion, the bridge showed signs of early deterioration including severe corrosion of the reinforcing steel in both, the cast-in-place and the precast prestressed structural members. CA performed a field condition survey and assessment of the structural integrity and safety of the structure including, among other things, destructive and non-destructive testing, determination of chloride ion penetration into the concrete as well as determining the location of existing reinforcement. Furthermore, a service life cost estimate analysis and predicted service life expectancy was prepared based on various modeling techniques considering the in-service conditions, implementation of different rehabilitation techniques, and the actual properties, characteristics, and performance of the concrete."; project_category[8] = "Bridgesandelevatedstructures"; project_keywords[8] = "Forensicinvestigations;Durabilityofmaterials;Structuralassessments;Repairandrehabilitation;Bridgesandelevatedstructures;Corrosion;Fieldconditionsurvey;Servicelifeprediction;Structuralcapacityanalysis"; project_photonumber[8] = "6"; project[9] = "emmetshelton"; project_name[9] = "Emmet Shelton Bridge"; project_location[9] = "Austin, Texas"; project_description[9] = "CA performed a four phase investigation of an existing 1940's composite steel and concrete bridge spanning the Colorado River in Austin, Texas. Phase I consisted of a full scale instrumentation and load testing, including performing a preliminary structural analysis and providing recommendations related to the emergency transport of heavy loads across the bridge well in excess of the rated capacity of the structure. Phase II included a condition survey of the superstructure and substructure which involved photographic documentation of the existing structural conditions, testing of the existing concrete, underwater inspection of the bridge foundation, and addressing safety issues regarding traffic. Phase III involved the continued monitoring of the in-service behavior of the bridge in addition to performing a life-cycle analysis of the structure in its present condition based on the field data obtained in Phase II. Phase IV consisted of the design of repairs for the superstructure and substructure and construction administration and inspection of the implementation of the rehabilitation."; project_category[9] = "Bridgesandelevatedstructures"; project_keywords[9] = "Forensicinvestigations;Performancemonitoring;Structuralassessments;Geotechnicalassessments;Foundationengineering;Repairandrehabilitation;Bridgesandelevatedstructures;Concretetesting;Fieldconditionsurvey;Servicelifeprediction;Structuraldesign;Structuralcapacityanalysis"; project_photonumber[9] = "4"; project[10] = "foundation"; project_name[10] = "UT MDA Mat Foundation"; project_location[10] = "Houston, Texas"; project_description[10] = "The project consisted of the construction of a 22,000 CY mass concrete mat foundation for a medical facility in Houston, TX. CA’s work consisted of working with the Structural Engineer of Record, General Contractor, Concrete Sub-Contractor, Independent Testing Laboratory, and the Ready-Mixed Concrete Supplier to develop a construction plan for the placement, curing, and protection of the concrete to ensure the quality of the concrete in-place. CA developed a plan for the preparation and placement of the mass concrete including monitoring of internal concrete temperatures afterseveral meetings with all parties involved in the construction, review of plans, drawings, and specifications, evaluation of the mixture proportions, and prior experience. CA’s work also included developing the quality control program for accepting the fresh concrete delivered to the job, temperature monitoring plan, concrete specifications, curing methods, and early age protection to prevent distress of the concrete. Through daily monitoring of the ambient and internal concrete temperatures, CA was able to provide the General Contractor with guidelines for proceeding with construction as quickly as possible while ensuring that the concrete did not experience any thermal cracking."; project_category[10] = "Massconcrete, Foundations"; project_keywords[10] = "Concretemixturedesign;Concreteproductionandplacement;Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Massconcrete;Foundations;Thermalanalysis;Specifications;Concreteprotectionandcuring"; project_photonumber[10] = "8"; project[11] = "ftworthmuseum"; project_name[11] = "Modern Art Museum of Ft. Worth"; project_location[11] = "Ft. Worth, Texas"; project_description[11] = "In May of 1997, the world renowned architect, Tadao Ando, was selected as the architect for the Modern Art Museum's building in Fort Worth, Texas. The Modern's 150,000 square foot building sits on an 11-acre property. CA provided consulting services for the production and construction of the architectural concrete structure including, among others, material selection, concrete proportions, batching, quality control, formwork, and consolidation. Notable features of the building included a natural setting utilizing existing major trees on site augmented by additional trees; shrubs and plant materials native to North-Central Texas; three gallery pavilions that appear to float above a shallow reflecting pond to the north and west; double skin or envelope inner structural walls of cast concrete to protect interior gallery spaces and support large projecting roof planes above; outer glass and metal panel walls to provide public circulation areas from which to view the museum's landscaped exterior and reflecting pond; and immense concrete roof overhangs, supported by Y-shaped columns on the east side to help shade interior spaces surrounded by 36 foot glass walls constructed with energy efficient insulated glass units."; project_category[11] = "Architecturalconcrete, Formworkandshoring, Highperformanceconcrete, Concreteverticalstructures"; project_keywords[11] = "Concretemixturedesign;Concreteproductionandplacement;Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Greenbuildingandsustainableconstruction;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Architecturalconcrete;Formworkandshoring;Highperformanceconcrete;Concreteverticalstructures;Concretematerials"; project_photonumber[11] = "4"; project[12] = "gentlyte"; project_name[12] = "Industrial / Manufacturing Facility"; project_location[12] = "San Marcos, Texas"; project_description[12] = "This manufacturing facility consists of an approximately 200,000 sq. ft. cast-in-place reinforced concrete industrial warehouse floor used for manufacturing and distribution of manufactured products. CA performed a comprehensive condition survey, sampling, petrographic examination, and assessment of the condition and serviceability of the slab-on-grade floor including determining the cause of the observed distress in the form of random cracking, delamination, and joint deterioration. CA's investigation also included, among other things, evaluating the engineering design and specifications, plans and drawings, construction procedures, quality control practices, and concrete materials and their proportions."; project_category[12] = "Concretejoints, Elevatedslabsslabsongrade"; project_keywords[12] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Concretejoints;Elevatedslabsslabsongrade;Fieldconditionsurvey;Petrographicexamination;Specifications"; project_photonumber[12] = "7"; project[13] = "heatflow"; project_name[13] = "Heat Flow Analysis"; project_location[13] = "Puerto Rico"; project_description[13] = "CA has conducted heat flow analyses of massive concrete structures. These have included evaluating the effect of the concrete placement sequence, structural specifications, ambient conditions, and concrete materials and their mix proportions on the cumulative heat generation and internal temperature of the mass concrete construction and thus, on the quality of the in-place concrete. The heat flow analysis and the predicted temperature profiles were later confirmed by field measurements during actual construction. The information developed by CA was instrumental in determining the curing, early age protection, and form removal practices followed by the contractor in the job. CA has also investigated the cause(s) of cracking as a result of thermal induced stresses in other facilities such as massive foundations and precast/prestressed highway structures."; project_category[13] = "Massconcrete, Foundations"; project_keywords[13] = "Concretemixturedesign;Concreteproductionandplacement;Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Performancemonitoring;Concretetemperaturemodeling;Massconcrete;Foundations;Specifications;Concretematerials;Materialsevaluation;Thermalanalysis;Heatdevelopment;Concretetesting"; project_photonumber[13] = "8"; project[14] = "hospital"; project_name[14] = "Texas Children's Hospital"; project_location[14] = "Houston, Texas"; project_description[14] = "The project consisted of the construction of a 5,000 CY mass concrete mat foundation for a medical facility in Houston, TX. CA’s work consisted of working with the Structural Engineer of Record, General Contractor, Concrete Sub-Contractor, Independent Testing Laboratory, and the Ready-Mixed Concrete Supplier to develop a construction plan for the placement, curing, and protection of the concrete to ensure the quality of the concrete in-place. CA developed a plan for the preparation and placement of the mass concrete including monitoring of internal concrete temperatures after several meetings with all parties involved in the construction, review of plans, drawings, and specifications, developing mixture proportions, casting and evaluating the performance of a mock-up, field testing, and prior experience. CA’s work also included developing the quality control program for accepting the fresh concrete delivered to the job, temperature monitoring plan, concrete specifications, curing methods, and early age protection to prevent distress of the concrete. Through daily monitoring of the ambient and internal concrete temperatures, CA was able to provide the General Contractor with guidelines for proceeding with construction as quickly as possible while ensuring that the concrete did not experience any thermal cracking."; project_category[14] = "Massconcrete, Foundations"; project_keywords[14] = "Concretemixturedesign;Concreteproductionandplacement;Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Massconcrete;Foundations;Concretetesting;Concreteprotectionandcuring;Thermalanalysis;Specifications;ConcreteMaterials"; project_photonumber[14] = "10"; project[15] = "interstate"; project_name[15] = "CRCP Interstate Highway"; project_location[15] = "El Paso, Texas"; project_description[15] = "This project consisted of conducting an investigation into the cause(s) of the observed random cracking in the continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) highway sections of Loop 375 in El Paso, Texas. During this investigation, CA conducted a visual inspection of the CRCP sections exhibiting distress, performed an examination of the concrete pavements being investigated, reviewed reports from other investigators, evaluated the concrete production records, and reviewed construction related documents including weather conditions and construction daily reports. Distress observed consisted primarily of random plastic shrinkage cracking. Findings indicated that high evaporative weather conditions, lack of protection of the concrete surface, and poor curing practices contributed to the distress observed. Partial depth and full depth cracks were repaired by CA using a high molecular weight methacrylate crack sealer. No concrete required removal and replacement."; project_category[15] = "Concretepavements"; project_keywords[15] = "Forensicinvestigations;Repairandrehabilitation;Concretepavements;Fieldconditionsurvey;Concreteprotectionandcuring"; project_photonumber[15] = "8"; project[16] = "jcpennysparking"; project_name[16] = "Parking Structure"; project_location[16] = "Plano, Texas"; project_description[16] = "Work performed on the parking structure located in Plano, Texas, encompassed a two phase investigation. Phase I consisted of investigating the cause of cracking occurring in the precast prestressed double T beams which resulted in the repair or replacement of several double T's. Forensic investigation included a condition assessment of the parking garage structure, evaluation of the double T's removed from the structure, sampling of the concrete, non-destructive testing, petrographic examination, and analytical testing. Phase II consisted of investigating the cause of distress in the architectural precast elements. The investigation included condition assessment and evaluation of the architectural precast elements in-place. It involved determining the adequacy of the erection details, connections, and the overall structural integrity of the precast architectural members, performing a structural analysis, sampling, testing and petrographic examination of the concrete, the review of concrete production and construction practices, and the development of recommendations for rehabilitation and maintenance of the structure."; project_category[16] = "Post-tensionedconcrete, Concreteverticalstructures"; project_keywords[16] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Repairandrehabilitation;Post-tensionedconcrete;Concreteverticalstructures;PrecastPrestressedconcrete;Fieldconditionsurvey;Petrographicexamination;Nondestructivetesting;Concretetesting"; project_photonumber[16] = "16"; project[17] = "kellyafb"; project_name[17] = "Air Force Base"; project_location[17] = "San Antonio, Texas"; project_description[17] = "Kelly Air Force Base (KAFB), United States' oldest military airfield, is the home of Air Logistics Center and the Air Force Electronic Security Command in San Antonio, Texas. The building housing the Air Force Electronic Security Command started to exhibit distress in the flat slab which resulted in concerns regarding its performance and adequacy for its intended use. CA performed a building condition assessment, identified the cause of distress, and replicated the in-place conditions in a computer model of the building using finite element analysis. The results from the analysis were further used to locate the problem areas in the building and they were verified by comparing them to the already existing distress in the structure. CA designed a fiber reinforced composite repair system to restore the integrity of structural members and their performance."; project_category[17] = "Concreteverticalstructures, Elevatedslabsslabsongrade"; project_keywords[17] = "Forensicinvestigations;structuralassessments;Repairandrehabilitation;Concreteverticalstructures;Elevatedslabsslabsongrade;Finiteelementanalysis;Fieldconditionsurvey"; project_photonumber[17] = "3"; project[18] = "laderacondos"; project_name[18] = "Multi-family Residential Construction"; project_location[18] = "Austin, Texas"; project_description[18] = "CA performed a forensic investigation of 15 buildings of a multifamily residential complex to investigate alleged deficiencies in the construction. Among the many concerns investigated were the construction of the roofs, exterior walls, floors, envelope related problems, air quality issues including moisture penetration and mold growth, and water induced deterioration of building materials. The overall investigation included, among other things, performing a survey to assess the existing condition of the structures, water testing at selected locations in the envelope of the buildings including exterior walls and balconies, testing of the HVAC systems, air quality testing for mold, material sampling, and moisture content determinations of building exterior areas."; project_category[18] = "Roofsandbuildingmembranes, Concreteverticalstructures"; project_keywords[18] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Envelopeandmoisturepenetrationmanagement;Roofsandbuildingmembranes;Concreteverticalstructures;Fieldconditionsurvey;Fieldtesting"; project_photonumber[18] = "11"; project[19] = "LCRA"; project_name[19] = "LCRA Red Bud Center"; project_location[19] = "Austin, Texas"; project_description[19] = "CA provided consulting services to the General Contractor for the construction of the architectural concrete elements including textured exposed architectural concrete walls. CA’s work included the review and evaluation of the concrete specifications, plans, and drawings, developing recommendations for the concrete mixture proportions, formwork, and concrete placement in particular consolidation practices to meet the project requirements and most importantly the Architect’s vision and aesthetic value of the exposed concrete. The architectural concrete walls were required to exhibit a textured form finished pattern and appearance similar to that observed in the Tom Miller Dam adjacent to the LCRA Red Bud Center built over 60 years ago.CA was also involved in the evaluation and repair of the finished concrete walls. The design requirements incorporated the implementation of sustainable construction strategies and practices required to meet the standards of the United States Green Building Council. The facility has already achieved USGBC LEED® Gold Certification and Four-Star Rating from the Austin Energy Green Building Program."; project_category[19] = "Architecturalconcrete, Formworkandshoring"; project_keywords[19] = "Concretemixturedesign;Concreteproductionandplacement;Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Greenbuildingandsustainableconstruction;Architecturalconcrete;Formworkandshoring;Specifications;Concretematerials"; project_photonumber[19] = "9"; project[20] = "massconcrete"; project_name[20] = "Mass Concrete Foundation"; project_location[20] = "Houston, Texas"; project_description[20] = "The project consisted of the construction of a 13,000 CY mass concrete foundation for a 46-story office building pre-certified as LEED Silver. CA’s work included working with the Assistant Project Manager and Engineer of Record to develop a construction plan for the placement, curing, and early age protection of the concrete to ensure the quality of the concrete in-place. CA developed a plan for the preparation and placement of the mass concrete including monitoring of internal concrete temperatures. The work also included, among other things, the review of plans, drawings, specifications, and evaluation of the mixture proportions. CA’s work also included developing the quality control program for acceptance of the fresh concrete delivered to the job, temperature monitoring plan, concrete specifications, curing methods, and early age protection to prevent distress of the concrete. CA was able to provide the General Contractor with guidelines for proceeding with construction."; project_category[20] = "Massconcrete, Foundations"; project_keywords[20] = "Concretemixturedesign;Concreteproductionandplacement;Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Massconcrete;Foundations;Concreteprotectionandcuring;ThermalAnalysis;Specifications"; project_photonumber[20] = "7"; project[21] = "mcmurtry"; project_name[21] = "McMurtry Building"; project_location[21] = "Houston, Texas"; project_description[21] = "This project involved the production of sustainable, architectural, white concrete for the construction of the McMurtry Building at Rice University in Houston, Texas. The many challenges posed by the architectural, structural concrete included the use of seventy percent cement replacement with slag as a supplementary cementitious material while achieving adequate strength gain during early ages to meet the demands of the construction activities. In addition, CA developed recommendations on the selection of the concrete materials and the mixture proportions, guidelines for the batching and mixing of the concrete, formwork details, form release agents, and consolidation procedures. The final selection was based on the casting of several mockups. Other issues addressed included recommendations for the protection of the architectural concrete during other construction activities such as acid wash of the CMU installations."; project_category[21] = "Architecturalconcrete, Elevatedslabsslabsongrade"; project_keywords[21] = "Concretemixturedesign;Concreteproductionandplacement;Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Greenbuildingandsustainableconstruction;Architecturalconcrete;Elevatedslabsslabsongrade;Concretematerials;Materialsevaluation;Concreteprotectionandcuring;Concretetesting"; project_photonumber[21] = "7"; project[22] = "montgomerypoint"; project_name[22] = "Lock and Dam"; project_location[22] = "Arkansas"; project_description[22] = "The Montgomery Point Lock and Dam project consists of a lock and dam in the lower White River which is part of the McClellan – Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System. In 1995, the design team of this Corps of Engineers lock and dam project was awarded “Project of the Year” by the local chapter of the American Society of Civil Engineers. CA provided consulting services regarding constructability issues, troubleshooting concrete related problems, and the evaluation and optimization of the massive concrete mix design, materials selection, and construction procedures. The massive concrete mix proportioning and placement was attained, among other things, through the innovative use of mineral additions and optimization of the concrete production techniques."; project_category[22] = "Massconcrete, Locksanddams"; project_keywords[22] = "Concretemixturedesign;Concreteproductionandplacement;Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Massconcrete;Locksanddams;Materialsevaluation;Concretematerials;Waterretainingstructures"; project_photonumber[22] = "5"; project[23] = "parking"; project_name[23] = "Post-Tensioned Parking Garage"; project_location[23] = "Baton Rouge, Louisiana"; project_description[23] = "A two story, cast-in-place post-tensioned parking garage cut into the side of a slope provides parking area and support for a major grocery store. The second floor of the parking garage is leveled with the surface parking area adjacent to and in front of the grocery store. Issues with water intrusion, cracking, foundation performance, movement of the retaining wing wall, loss of subgrade support, jointing, construction practices, moisture management, and performance of the post-tensioned beams were investigated to determine any possible impacts on the long term performance of the structure. CA performed, among other things, a detailed condition assessment of the structure, review of construction related documents, drawings and plans, and a structural evaluation of the post-tensioned structure. CA successfully determined the causes of the concerns and developed recommendations for repair and remediating the structure to restore its performance."; project_category[23] = "Concretejoints, Concreteverticalstructures"; project_keywords[23] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Repairandrehabilitation;Concretejoints;Concreteverticalstructures;Fieldconditionsurvey"; project_photonumber[23] = "8"; project[24] = "powerplant"; project_name[24] = "Power Plant"; project_location[24] = "Osceola, Arkansas"; project_description[24] = "A 460 ft tall reinforced concrete chimney for a power plant was designed under strict parameters including the effect of seismic forces. CA was asked to review the design of the chimney to assure it had been designed for the appropriate loads including seismic, wind, and dead loads. CA performed a finite element analysis of the chimney to determine the in-service stresses experienced by the chimney for various load combinations. Furthermore, CA performed a review of the original and as-built plans and drawings, original design calculations, and analyzed the design procedure. CA determined the appropriate design procedure, loading conditions, and assessed the addition of structural reinforcement to the as-built structure to provide supplemental stability and capacity."; project_category[24] = "Concreteverticalstructures"; project_keywords[24] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Repairandrehabilitation;Concreteverticalstructures;Finiteelementanalysis;Structuralcapacityanalysis"; project_photonumber[24] = "6"; project[25] = "railroadties"; project_name[25] = "Precast / Prestressed Railroad Ties"; project_location[25] = "Northeast USA"; project_description[25] = "CA conducted an extensive forensic investigation into the cause of premature distress of thousands of precast/prestressed concrete railroad ties in service along numerous railroad lines primarily in the northern part of the country. The forensic investigation included performing a comprehensive condition survey to characterize and assess the extent of the distress, sampling and testing to determine the internal distress mechanism causing the early deterioration of the railroad ties, and identifying the factors affecting the progress of the distress mechanism. The investigation included a detailed review and evaluation of the concrete production, materials, mixture proportions, quality control and curing practices, effect of the distress on the structural adequacy of the ties affecting its performance, distress documentation, mineralogical and chemical analysis, and petrographic examination, among others. This investigation included several potential distress mechanisms including delayed ettringite formation (DEF), alkali-silica reaction (ASR), and freeze-thaw damage."; project_category[25] = "Precastprestressedconcrete"; project_keywords[25] = "Forensicinvestigations;Durabilityofmaterials;Precastprestressedconcrete;Fieldconditionsurvey;Concretetesting;Petrographicexamination"; project_photonumber[25] = "8"; project[26] = "randallsparking"; project_name[26] = "Distribution Center Parking Lot"; project_location[26] = "Houston, Texas"; project_description[26] = "CA conducted an investigation into assessing the condition of and determining the cause(s) of the distress in the exterior concrete pavement at a distribution center facility in Houston, Texas. The investigation consisted of a comprehensive assessment of the structural integrity of the pavement including destructive and nondestructive techniques as well as the excavation of pits for geotechnical exploration and testing. Other activities included the evaluation of the original pavement design and assumptions, performing a life cycle analysis and predicted service life of the pavement, and review of construction related issues. CA also developed recommendations for the repair and remediation of the pavement system."; project_category[26] = "Concretepavements, Concretejoints"; project_keywords[26] = "Forensicinvestigations;Geotechnicalassessments;Structuralassessments;Concretepavements;Concretejoints;Concretetesting;Nondestructivetesting;Servicelifeprediction;Pavementanalysis;Soilimprovementandstabilization"; project_photonumber[26] = "5"; project[27] = "redstone"; project_name[27] = "Parking Lot"; project_location[27] = "Humble, Texas"; project_description[27] = "The investigation for this project consisted of sampling, testing, evaluating the pavement structure including base, sub-base, and natural soil materials, and determining the cause(s) of the observed distress of the parking lot at the Redstone Golf Course in Humble, Texas. Distress in the parking lot was mainly in the form of cracking with isolated heaving and bulging at several locations. CA performed a detailed condition assessment including coring and excavations to sample, document, and evaluate the pavement system. Testing included petrographic examination and chemical and mineralogical analysis of the different materials comprising the pavement system, natural soil, stabilized subgrade, and selected materials. Further, CA's investigation included, among other things, evaluating the construction practices, quality control testing, and overall drainage and landscaping design."; project_category[27] = "Asphaltpavements"; project_keywords[27] = "Forensicinvestigations;geotechnicalassessments;Asphaltpavements;Fieldconditionsurvey;Concretetesting;Petrographicexamination;Nondestructivetesting;Fieldtesting"; project_photonumber[27] = "5"; project[28] = "sanroque"; project_name[28] = "San Roque Dam and Reservoir"; project_location[28] = "Manila, Phillipines"; project_description[28] = "Located in the Island of Luzon on the Agno River, approximately 200 km from Manila in the Philippines, this dam and reservoir project intended to produce non-polluting, hydroelectric power, provide water irrigation, reduce downstream flooding, and improve water quality in the San Roque River. The project included a 200-meter-high rock fill dam to be the twelfth highest embankment dam in the world. CA provided troubleshooting services and recommendations for mixture proportions, concrete production, and concrete placement and finishing for the casting of mass concrete sections utilizing high performance concrete for the concrete spillway and tunnel sections. Among the challenges being faced were the production of concrete to be placed on very steep slopes and long tunnel sections while achieving a smooth finish and reduced cracking to resist the forces of high water flows. CA was also involved in developing recommendations for the rehabilitation of some of the concrete already in place."; project_category[28] = "Massconcrete, Undergroundstructures, Locksanddams"; project_keywords[28] = "Concretemixturedesign;Concreteproductionandplacement;Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Massconcrete;Undergroundstructures;Locksanddams;Waterretainingstructures;Concretematerials"; project_photonumber[28] = "5"; project[29] = "screenwall"; project_name[29] = "Masonry Brick Screenwall"; project_location[29] = "North Texas"; project_description[29] = "This project consisted of conducting an investigation into the cause(s) of the observed deterioration of brick perimeter screenwalls in North Texas. The brick masonry units were imported into the United States. Distress observed included cracking, crumbling, deterioration, fading color, and warping. Among the areas investigated were the manufacturing process, quality control, and adequacy of the specification requirements for the masonry units for their intended purpose. Findings from testing performed indicated that the masonry units did not meet the requirements for durability in a North Texas environment. Among other causes, the firing process during manufacturing most likely affected the durability and performance of the brick in service. Lack of understanding, confusion, and relaxed implementation of the industry standards for materials in masonry structures contributed to problems in certifying the quality of the bricks."; project_category[29] = "Masonrystructures"; project_keywords[29] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Durabilityofmaterials;Masonrystructures;Specifications;Fieldconditionsurvey"; project_photonumber[29] = "8"; project[30] = "smokestack"; project_name[30] = "Steel Chimney"; project_location[30] = "Mineral Wells, Texas"; project_description[30] = "The Owners had expressed concerns over the amount of corrosion and resulting loss of cross section in a steel smokestack. Concerns were also expressed over the large amount of cracking in the cast-in-place concrete foundation for the smokestack. CA was contacted to investigate the structural integrity of the concrete foundation and provide recommendations as to the cause and remediation of the cracking. In addition, CA was also called upon to evaluate the structural integrity of the smokestack and provide recommendations for repairs. CA performed an assessment of the condition of the concrete foundation and smokestack including site inspection, non-destructive testing such as ground penetrating radar and ultrasound, concrete coring, petrographic examination, and structural analysis and design. CA’s investigation determined that the smokestack had lost close to 40% of its cross section in certain areas. Based on the investigation, CA developed recommendations for restoring the structural integrity of the smokestack by remediating the wall thickness in several areas and repairing the concrete cracking."; project_category[30] = "Steelstructures"; project_keywords[30] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Repairandrehabilitation;Steelstructures;Corrosion;Concretetesting;Petrographicexamination;Fieldconditionsurvey;Nondestructivetesting;Structuralcapacityanalysis;Fieldtesting"; project_photonumber[30] = "8"; project[31] = "stormceptors"; project_name[31] = "Stormceptors"; project_location[31] = "San Juan, Puerto Rico"; project_description[31] = "The project consisted of the evaluation of as-built, cast-in-place, reinforced concrete for bottom tank sections of stormceptors at a highway bridge construction site in Puerto Rico. Quality control cylinders of the concrete from the vertical walls, base, and floor of the tank sections were tested and indicated low compressive strengths which caused concern for the structures’ adequacy to resist the design loading conditions. CA performed an investigation of the design and as-built condition of the stormceptors which included, among others things, a review of product data sheets, construction related plans and drawings, applicable industry standards, and conducting a finite element structural analysis that modeled each structure’s geometry under different load conditions. By conducting an FEM structural analysis, CA was able to compare each structure’s load carrying capacity with that required for design including service loading, moments, and shear. CA’s investigation concluded that the as-built structural capacity was sufficient considering the lowest compressive strength in each stormceptor was adequate to resist the design loading conditions."; project_category[31] = "Precastprestressedconcrete, Undergroundstructures"; project_keywords[31] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Precastprestressedconcrete;Undergroundstructures;Finiteelementanalysis;Structuralcapacity;Structuralcapacityanalysis;Structuraldesign"; project_photonumber[31] = "5"; project[32] = "tiltup"; project_name[32] = "Tilt-Up Construction"; project_location[32] = "Pflugerville, Texas"; project_description[32] = "A two story, tilt-up construction commercial building consisting of 35 – 45 ft panels supported on reinforced concrete piers and framed at roof level by steel joists experienced a collapse failure during the erection process of the tilt-up panels. Two of the panels collapsed crushing the control unit of the lifting crane during the preparation for the erection of an adjacent panel. CA performed, among other tasks, a detailed condition survey of the collapsed panels and the bracing elements including anchors and embeds, and core sampling of the concrete piers and structural slab. CA also performed a structural analysis of the in-place panels, piers, and slab with respect to the support and bracing conditions. CA determined the cause of the failure, developed recommendations for remediation, and provided quality control procedures to complete the remaining portion of the project."; project_category[32] = "Precastprestressedconcrete"; project_keywords[32] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Precastprestressedconcrete;Fieldconditionsurvey;Formworkandshoring;Concretetesting;Structuralcapacityanalysis"; project_photonumber[32] = "10"; project[33] = "trenurbano"; project_name[33] = "Rapid Urban Train System"; project_location[33] = "San Juan, Puerto Rico"; project_description[33] = "This $1.7 billion, 17.3 km mass transit system aims to alleviate the traffic congestion in San Juan, the most densely populated city in Puerto Rico. It includes both underground and elevated rail sections and multiple stations. Tunneling was performed below the water table near the ocean in a Zone IV seismic area. Some of the major challenges involved the casting of massive concrete sections underground as well as the design of precast tunnel sections with special concrete mixtures, all of which were attained with innovative use of admixtures and supplementary cementitious materials as well as optimized concrete production. CA provided consulting services regarding the conformance with specifications, mixture proportions, concrete production, placement of concrete, curing techniques, concrete durability, quality control, and quality assurance during construction. In addition, the strengthening of the columns supporting the elevated sections of the rail to meet seismic Category IV design criteria in portions of the structure already built posed a major challenge, that we addressed with novel and innovative methodologies."; project_category[33] = "Bridgesandelevatedstructures, Undergroundstructures"; project_keywords[33] = "Concretemixturedesign;Concreteproductionandplacement;Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Bridgesandelevatedstructures;Undergroundstructures;Tunnels;Specifications;Concreteprotectionandcuring;Structuralcapacityanalysis"; project_photonumber[33] = "7"; project[34] = "usasteel"; project_name[34] = "Steel Frame Structure"; project_location[34] = "Ghent, Kentucky"; project_description[34] = "CA's investigation consisted of determining the cause(s) of the alleged distress and excessive movement in the storage yard overhead crane system at two of the facilities in Ghent, Kentucky and Decatur, Alabama. A comprehensive condition assessment, geotechnical exploration, surveying, and structural analysis of the structure were performed including a review of the structural design, foundation design, erection sequence, and construction documents. CA's investigation determined the cause of the distress and led to the development of alternatives for the remediation of the facility for its intended use."; project_category[34] = "Steelstructures"; project_keywords[34] = "Forensicinvestigations;Geotechnicalassessments;Structuralassessments;Foundationengineering;Steelstructures;Structuralcapacityanalysis;Fieldconditionsurvey;Fieldtesting;Finiteelementanalysis"; project_photonumber[34] = "5"; project[35] = "uthealthcenter"; project_name[35] = "Regional Health Science Center"; project_location[35] = "San Antonio Texas"; project_description[35] = "The Regional Academic Health Center is an extension of University of Texas at San Antonio Medical School located in Harlingen, Texas. During the construction of the first floor cast-in-place reinforced concrete elevated slab, significant cracking of the structural members occurred. CA was retained to investigate the floor system exhibiting cracks and to determine whether remedial action was necessary. CA's investigation consisted of a condition assessment and structural analysis of the floor system. CA determined the cracks to be cosmetic in nature and not structural. CA developed a remediation plan consisting of sealing the cracks using a high molecular weight methacrylate. CA was responsible for supervising the remediation and verifying the performance of the repair."; project_category[35] = "Elevatedslabsslabsongrade"; project_keywords[35] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Repairandrehabilitation;Elevatedslabsslabsongrade;Structuraldesign;Structuralcapacityanalysis;Fieldconditionsurvey"; project_photonumber[35] = "5"; project[36] = "valdezmarine"; project_name[36] = "Port of Valdez Marine Terminal"; project_location[36] = "Valdez, Alaska"; project_description[36] = "This project involved the condition survey and life-cycle assessment of the three process facilities related to the ballast water treatment at the Valdez Marine Terminal located in Valdez, Alaska. CA conducted an on-site condition survey of the Gravity Separator Tanks, the Dissolved Air Flotation Facility, and the Biological Treatment Tanks, all exhibiting evidence of significant deterioration. The condition assessment study included documentation of the distress present in the concrete substructures and structural steel superstructures of the three facilities including nondestructive testing and concrete sampling. Concrete samples for chloride ion testing, petrographic analysis, and corrosion testing were extracted and existing data from in-place cathodic protection systems was evaluated. Recommendations for repair and remediation related to the present condition and future serviceability of the facilities were prepared and a rehabilitation construction cost analysis was presented."; project_category[36] = "Steelstructures, Foundations, Tanksretentionsystems"; project_keywords[36] = "Forensicinvestigations;Repairandrehabilitation;Steelstructures;Foundations;Tanksretentionsystems;Fieldconditionsurvey;Servicelifeprediction;Waterretainingstructures;Nondestructivetesting;Petrographicexamination;Concretetesting;Fieldtesting"; project_photonumber[36] = "3"; project[37] = "wallercreek"; project_name[37] = "Tunnel Construction"; project_location[37] = "Austin, Texas"; project_description[37] = "This project, located in Austin, Texas, encompassed work associated with the design and evaluation of a flood control tunnel system and its associated components, including designing a system of storm drain interceptors, inlet and outlet structures, retaining walls, weirs, and vertical shafts. An evaluation of the tunnel alignment and design feasibility, providing alternatives to minimize the costs, was also included. The existing storm drains, which currently discharge into Waller Creek downstream of 12th Street, were analyzed for methods and costs of conveying their flow into the proposed diversion tunnel to reduce the flows into Waller Creek. As part of maintaining the quality in the tunnel and in Waller Creek during dry weather, a tunnel water recirculation system was required. Floodwater flows into the flood control tunnel via vertical drop shafts or channel side overflow weirs. A large diameter tunnel that connects the inlet structure and the outlet structure, lined with precast concrete liner panels or cast-in-place concrete, allows for easier maintenance access for tunnel de-watering and de-silting operations."; project_category[37] = "Undergroundstructures"; project_keywords[37] = "Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Geotechnicalassessments;Structuralassessments;Foundationengineering;Structuraldesign;structuralcapacityanalysis;Undergroundstructures;Tunnels;Waterretainingstructures"; project_photonumber[37] = "2"; project[38] = "warehouse"; project_name[38] = "Warehouse Floor"; project_location[38] = "Houston, Texas"; project_description[38] = "CA was retained to perform an evaluation of the structural integrity of a slab-on-grade warehouse floor exhibiting distress including cracking and spalling along the contraction and construction joints. Cracks appeared in the slab-on-grade, and spalling or flaking occurred near construction and control joints. Concern was also raised about the cracking in the mezzanine of the structure. CA conducted a condition survey and performed nondestructive testing (NDT) for the entire complex. Both the visual assessment and the NDT were performed to find the reason for cracking and to see if both the slab-on-grade and the mezzanine met specifications. CA’s investigation determined that the slab-on-grade and the mezzanine met specifications. The testing showed that there was no structural or serviceability damage in either the slab-on-grade or the mezzanine and recommended options for fixing the cracks."; project_category[38] = "Concretejoints, Elevatedslabsslabsongrade"; project_keywords[38] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Concretejoints;Elevatedslabsslabsongrade;Fieldconditionsurvey;Nondestructivetesting;Structuralcapacityanalysis;FieldTesting"; project_photonumber[38] = "10"; project[39] = "williamsoncounty"; project_name[39] = "Regional Waterline"; project_location[39] = "Georgetown, Texas"; project_description[39] = "CA performed an extensive forensic investigation into determining the possible cause(s) for the premature failure of a 48 inch diameter precast concrete section of a pipeline extending about 28 miles, which was built to feed raw water from Lake Stillhouse Hollow to Lake Georgetown, Texas. The investigation conducted included a condition survey of failed sections of concrete pipe, the evaluation of construction related documents, quality control sampling and testing of the soil, backfill and pipe materials, analysis of the pipe design, and evaluation of the construction means and methods, among others."; project_category[39] = "Undergroundstructures"; project_keywords[39] = "ForensicInvestigations;structuralassessments;Geotechnicalassessments;Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Undergroundstructures;Fieldconditionsurvey;Structuralcapacityanalysis;Fieldtesting"; project_photonumber[39] = "7"; project[40] = "residential"; project_name[40] = "Residential Building"; project_location[40] = "Brownsville, Texas"; project_description[40] = "A 14 story residential building constructed in the 1970s consists of a cast-in-place concrete beam and slab framing system with CMU walls and a brick façade. CA’s investigation focused on evaluating the condition and structural adequacy of several of the building’s elements, including the concrete walkways, stairwells, precast panels attached to the building’s balconies and stairwells, and to provide the client with the appropriate repair recommendations, if needed. CA performed, among other things, a detailed condition survey and visual examination of the various structural elements, a review of the drawings and plans, and an evaluation of the materials utilized in previous repairs. CA provided the client with repair recommendations, including, but not limited to repair methods, guidelines, and selection of the appropriate materials."; project_category[40] = "Concreteverticalstructures"; project_keywords[40] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Repairandrehabilitation;Concreteverticalstructures;Fieldconditionsurvey;Materialsevaluation"; project_photonumber[40] = "12"; project[41] = "apartment"; project_name[41] = "Apartment Complex Parking Lots"; project_location[41] = "Murphy, Texas"; project_description[41] = "CA was retained to investigate into the cause(s) of the distress observed in the concrete pavement parking lots at a complex in Murphy, Texas. The complex is comprised of four buildings and each has one or two concrete pavement parking lots surrounding it and each are connected with inner drives throughout the complex. The parking lots consisted of both heavy duty and regular duty pavements. CA’s site visits consisted of performing a detailed survey of the cracked areas in the pavement including photo documentation, obtaining concrete cores and soil samples, and observing the demolition of selected areas of pavement. The results from the examination of the concrete cores, soil samples, and construction records provided data relevant to CA’s expert opinions regarding repair methods for the pavement areas."; project_category[41] = "Concretepavements, Concretejoints"; project_keywords[41] = "Forensicinvestigations;Repairandrehabilitation;Concretepavements;Concretejoints;Fieldconditionsurvey;Pavementanalysis;Concretetesting;Fieldtesting"; project_photonumber[41] = "8"; project[42] = "doubletee"; project_name[42] = "Double-Tee Precast Girder Roof"; project_location[42] = "Laredo, Texas"; project_description[42] = "CA performed an initial investigation to determine the cause(s) of the observed distress in a roof of a parking garage structure consisting of double-tee precast girders in a hotel located in Laredo, Texas. CA performed an initial condition assessment and developed recommendations for a comprehensive investigation to determine a remediation procedure for the observed distress, which was indicative of distress caused by moisture intrusion. CA’s recommendations for a comprehensive investigation included determining the cause of the moisture intrusion, performing repairs to eliminate additional moisture intrusion, assessing the extent of damage affecting the integrity of structural members, and performing repairs to restore the structural load carrying capacity and general safety of parking garage."; project_category[42] = "Roofsandbuildingmembranes, Precast/prestressedconcrete"; project_keywords[42] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Envelopeandmoisturepenetrationmanagement;Roofsandbuildingmembranes;Precastprestressedconcrete;Fieldconditionsurvey"; project_photonumber[42] = "8"; project[43] = "expresswaybridge"; project_name[43] = "Expressway Concrete Bridge"; project_location[43] = "Puerto Rico"; project_description[43] = "The project involved converting a section of a concrete pavement highway in Puerto Rico with two lanes of traffic in each direction into an expressway concrete bridge requiring three lanes in each direction. CA’s services included evaluating the structural adequacy of the as-built cast-in-place concrete bridge foundations to resist the design loading conditions. CA performed a detailed structural analysis of the bridge foundations and conducted an investigation that included, among other things, a review and interpretation of specifications, plans and drawings, cylinder and core strength testing reports, and applicable industry standards. Further, CA developed recommendations to improve the durability of the foundation and to ensure the service life of the bridge structure in service."; project_category[43] = "Bridgesandelevatedstructures, Foundations"; project_keywords[43] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Bridgesandelevatedstructures;Foundations;Structuralcapacityanalysis;Specifications"; project_photonumber[43] = "4"; project[44] = "highschool"; project_name[44] = "High School Cast-in-Place Concrete"; project_location[44] = "Bellaire, Texas"; project_description[44] = "A high school in Bellaire, TX consisted of a cast-in-place, reinforced concrete, slab-on-ground with intermediate grade beams and drilled piers. CA was retained to investigate distress that included cracking in the floors and walls in several buildings of the high school. CA performed, among others, a general condition survey, photographic and schematic documentation, and a relative floor elevation survey. CA also evaluated original plans, drawings, and project specifications for comparison with the as-built structure. The quality of concrete was also examined to determine the presence of any defects or deficiencies in the concreting operations."; project_category[44] = "Elevatedslabsslabsongrade, concretejoints, Concreteverticalstructures"; project_keywords[44] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Elevatedslabsslabsongrade;concretejoints;Concreteverticalstructures;Fieldconditionsurvey;Specifications;Fieldtesting"; project_photonumber[44] = "11"; project[45] = "indoortopping"; project_name[45] = "Indoor Concrete Topping"; project_location[45] = "Houston, Texas"; project_description[45] = "Construction at a University Recreation and Wellness Center required a concrete topping slab in the main entrance and lobby areas. CA provided consulting services including, but not limited to, improvements to the concrete placement activities and incorporation of necessary measures to reduce the potential for drying shrinkage cracking. CA’s experience with concrete toppings and understanding of concrete fundamentals contributed to successfully addressing the Project’s needs and its unique conditions. CA provided recommendations for the concrete placement including reducing structural restraint and bond, drying shrinkage cracking control, proper joint design and layout, and appropriate curing methods."; project_category[45] = "Concretejoints, Concretetoppings"; project_keywords[45] = "Concretemixturedesign;Concreteproductionandplacement;Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Concretejoints;Concretetoppings;Concreteprotectionandcuring"; project_photonumber[45] = "8"; project[46] = "industrialpark"; project_name[46] = "Industrial Park Truck Parking Lot"; project_location[46] = "Laredo, Texas"; project_description[46] = "The project consisted of the rehabilitation of two concrete pavement parking lots in an industrial park in Laredo, Texas, including the removal and replacement of distressed areas as well as repairs at the joints. CA performed a detailed condition assessment of both parking lots to observe the distress and developed repair recommendations, including concrete properties, pavement thickness, joint transfer details, joint sealant, drainage, preparation, material, and base and subgrade preparation."; project_category[46] = "Concretepavements, Concretejoints"; project_keywords[46] = "Constructionpracticesplanningandprocedures;Geotechnicalassessments;Structuralassessments;Concretepavements;Concretejoints;Fieldconditionsurvey;Pavementdesign;Concretematerials;Soilimprovementandstabilization"; project_photonumber[46] = "9"; project[47] = "powerplantscrubber"; project_name[47] = "Power Plant Scrubber Mass Concrete Foundation"; project_location[47] = "Texas"; project_description[47] = "The project consisted of a cast-in-place reinforced mass concrete foundation at a power plant in Texas. The foundation was 94.5 ft in diameter, nine (9) ft thick, contained two (2) mats of reinforcement steel consisting of four (4) layers of large diameter (No. 11) bars, approximately 2600 cubic yards of concrete, and was supported by 339 pile for the addition of a 525 ft. tall reinforced concrete chimney. The structural integrity and capacity of the foundation was questioned due to observations by the Owner during placement. CA’s investigation included, among others, review of design calculations, a finite element model analysis to evaluate internal stresses, non-destructive testing, core sampling, assessment of the concrete production methods and logistics, and performed numerous site visits to conduct field investigations and condition assessments totaling over 1,400 man-hours. CA determined the cause(s) of the distress and structural deficiencies and provided remediation alternatives to restore the safety, long term durability, and intended performance of the concrete foundation."; project_category[47] = "MassConcrete, Concreteverticalstructures"; project_keywords[47] = "Forensicinvestigations;structuralassessments;Repairandrehabilitation;MassConcrete;Concreteverticalstructures;Nondestructivetesting;Structuralcapacityanalysis;Fieldconditionsurvey;Concretetesting;Fieldtesting;Finiteelementanalysis"; project_photonumber[47] = "12"; project[48] = "precastwelded"; project_name[48] = "Precast Concrete Welded Conncetions"; project_location[48] = "San Marcos, Texas"; project_description[48] = "A six (6) story parking garage for a residential building consisted of pre-cast pre-topped double-tee beams and pre-cast wall panels. A concern regarding life safety was expressed due to the observed distress consisting of spalling of the concrete beneath the welded connections along the flange of adjacent double-tee beams falling onto the parking surface. In addition, distress was also observed that consisted of cracking in the vertical panels of the pre-cast walls. CA’s investigation focused on determining the cause of the distress including, but not limited to, a detailed condition survey and visual observation of over 1,600 welded connections and a review of the construction drawings and plans. CA determined the cause of the observed distress and developed recommendations for repair and remediation of the structure, including design of repair procedures, materials selection, and quality control/assurance procedures during and after implementation of the repairs."; project_category[48] = "Precastprestressedconcrete, Concretejoints, Concreteverticalstructures, Weldedconnectionsforconcrete"; project_keywords[48] = "Forensicinvestigations;structuralassessments;Repairandrehabilitation;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Precastprestressedconcrete;Concretejoints;Concreteverticalstructures;Weldedconnectionsforconcrete;Fieldconditionsurvey;Fieldtesting"; project_photonumber[48] = "12"; project[49] = "precastpost"; project_name[49] = "Precast Post-Tensioned Concrete Beams"; project_location[49] = "Puerto Rico"; project_description[49] = "The construction of Highway 10 in Puerto Rico has been one of the largest and longest highway projects in the island. This highway runs through Puerto Rico’s scenic mountains and is expected to be completed in 2015. Cracking in the precast, post-tensioned concrete beams manufactured on-site resulted in concerns to the public authorities requiring immediate action. CA provided consulting services during construction of various post-tensioned concrete beams and sections of Highway 10. CA inspected many of the beams where cracking was observed, visited the concrete production facilities on-site, observed casting operations, and evaluated field data including, but not limited to, internal concrete temperatures of the concrete beams. In addition, CA’s investigation included a review of concrete mixture proportions, material information, concrete quality control testing results, curing, and demolding practices to determine the causes of the cracking observed and propose remediation procedures."; project_category[49] = "Precastprestressedconcrete, Post-tensionedconcrete"; project_keywords[49] = "Forensicinvestigations;Repairandrehabilitation;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Precastprestressedconcrete;Post-tensionedconcrete;Fieldconditionsurvey;Thermalanalysis;Materialsevaluation;Concretetesting"; project_photonumber[49] = "8"; project[50] = "ruralbridge"; project_name[50] = "Rural Concrete Bridge Deck"; project_location[50] = "Hannibal, Missouri"; project_description[50] = "The project consisted of the rehabilitation of a 165 ft. long rural bridge consisting of steel beams with a concrete deck. The bridge deck was to be replaced with a cast-in-place, high performance concrete deck to be supported by the existing steel beams. During the final days of construction, CA was retained to determine the cause of the low concrete strength test results and slow early-age concrete strength gain. CA’s investigation included the review of quality control strength test results and concrete production data, extraction, testing and evaluation of concrete core samples, petrographic examination, and a general assessment of the surface quality. CA’s investigation contributed to opening the bridge to traffic only several days after the investigation was completed."; project_category[50] = "Bridgesandelevatedstructures, Highperformanceconcrete"; project_keywords[50] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Bridgesandelevatedstructures;Highperformanceconcrete;Petrographicexamination;Concretetesting"; project_photonumber[50] = "8"; project[51] = "shoppingcenter"; project_name[51] = "Shopping Center Flooring System"; project_location[51] = "Dallas, Texas"; project_description[51] = "An expansion to the second story of a commercial retail shopping center consisted of the addition of an elevated slab supported by several different types of framing systems, including a post-tensioned beam and pan joist system, a composite flooring system consisting of metal decking and reinforced concrete, and a reinforced concrete slab and beam system. The flooring system of the 2nd floor expansion contained limestone tile as the final floor covering material. The tile exhibited signs of distress in the form of random map cracking isolated to several areas of the expansion elevated slab. CA performed, among other things, a detailed condition survey of the flooring system and its distress, a review of drawings and plans, an examination of the materials utilized in the flooring system, and a structural evaluation of the flooring system and its individual components. CA determined the cause of the distress exhibited by the tile flooring, provided recommendations for the repair and remediation of the flooring system, and developed guidelines to reduce the progression of the distress."; project_category[51] = "Elevatedslabsslabsongrade, roofsandbuildingmembranes"; project_keywords[51] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Qualitycontrolqualityassurance;Repairandrehabilitation;Elevatedslabsslabsongrade;Fieldconditionsurvey;Fieldtesting;roofsandbuildingmembranes"; project_photonumber[51] = "8"; project[52] = "driveways"; project_name[52] = "Slab-on-Grade Driveways"; project_location[52] = "Georgetown, Texas"; project_description[52] = "CA performed an investigation to determine the cause(s) of the distress observed in the exterior concrete slab-on-grade driveways and sidewalks of numerous homes in a single family residential neighborhood. The observed distress consisted of surface discoloration, pop outs, and peeling of the membrane coating installed on the surface of several driveways in an attempt to remediate the distress. CA’s investigation included, among others, visual inspections of more than 100 installations, concrete core sampling, and bond strength testing of the membrane coating to the concrete substrate. In addition, CA performed petrographic examination of several concrete cores sampled from the distressed and non distressed locations. CA was able to determine the cause(s) of the observed distress and developed recommendations for the repair and remediation of the in-place concrete."; project_category[52] = "Elevatedslabsslabsongrade"; project_keywords[52] = "Forensicinvestigations;Durabilityofmaterials;Elevatedslabsslabsongrade;Petrographicexamination;Concretetesting"; project_photonumber[52] = "8"; project[53] = "stormwater"; project_name[53] = "Storm Water Detention Vessel"; project_location[53] = "Houston, Texas"; project_description[53] = "The project consisted of a storm water detention vessel with a concrete pre-cast double-tee girder roof deck that also served as a parking lot of a local grocery store in Houston, Texas. CA was retained to perform a visual condition assessment to address concerns regarding the integrity of the structure and the condition of existing repairs. CA performed several site visits and detailed photographic documentation of the structure. Special attention was given to areas exhibiting signs of distress and the quality of double-tee precast girders. CA’s investigation Identified areas of concern for further evaluation and repair."; project_category[53] = "Precastprestressedconcrete, Concretejoints, Tanksretentionsystems"; project_keywords[53] = "Structuralassessments;Repairandrehabilitaion;Precastprestressedconcrete;Concretejoints;Tanksretentionsystems;Waterretainingstructures;Fieldconditionsurvey"; project_photonumber[53] = "8"; project[54] = "usaf"; project_name[54] = "USAF Radar Landing Pad"; project_location[54] = "Lajas, Puerto Rico"; project_description[54] = "A radar landing pad in Lajas, PR serves vehicles that are used to deploy a blimp carrying surveillance equipment. The landing pad is a large circular, paved area with a diameter of approximately 200 m. Most of the landing pad is paved with asphalt, with exception for a centered circular area, diameter of about 55 m, which is paved with concrete. As a result of age, the asphalt concrete portion of the landing pad was rehabilitated in early 2010. The rehabilitation involved mostly milling with resurfacing with asphalt, along with some full-depth asphalt repair. A few months after the rehabilitation project was completed, the surface of the asphalt exhibited distress in the form of surface shear, or tearing. Carrasquillo Associates (CA) was hired to characterize the distress and to review the rehabilitation design and construction records. CA performed independent pavement design calculations using the design and current heavy forklift traffic conditions. CA also reviewed the contractor’s asphalt mixture design and quality control records, which included mixture property characteristics and compaction data. The distress was indicative of heavy forklift traffic. A rehabilitation option using a rigid pavement surface, of either portland cement concrete or resin-modified pavement was also evaluated."; project_category[54] = "Asphaltpavements, Concretepavements"; project_keywords[54] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessment;Repairandrehabilitation;Asphaltpavements;Concretepavements;Materialsevaluation;Pavementanalysis;Asphaltmaterials"; project_photonumber[54] = "8"; project[55] = "warehouseslab"; project_name[55] = "Warehouse Slab-on-Grade Concrete"; project_location[55] = "McAllen, Texas"; project_description[55] = "The 14,000 sq. ft. warehouse facility consisted of a cast-in-place reinforced concrete slab-on-grade with perimeter and interior grade beams and CMU exterior and interior walls. CA was retained to determine the cause(s) of the distress which was observed within weeks of the placement of the concrete slab-on-grade including cracking, surface delamination, and dusting of the concrete slab, cracking of the floor tile in the office spaces, and cracking of the CMU walls. CA’s investigation included, among others, a comprehensive condition survey including concrete coring, petrographic examination, review and evaluation of the engineering design and specifications, plans and drawings, construction procedures, and concrete materials and their proportions. In addition, CA performed a detailed review and analysis of the concrete production records and concrete placement procedures."; project_category[55] = "Elevatedslabsslabsongrade"; project_keywords[55] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Elevatedslabsslabsongrade;Fieldconditionsurvey;Petrographicexamination;Specifications;Concretematerials;Concretetesting;Fieldtesting"; project_photonumber[55] = "8"; project[56] = "waterfiltration"; project_name[56] = "Water Filtration Plant"; project_location[56] = "Rutland, Vermont"; project_description[56] = "The construction of a water filtration plant consisted of a cast-in-place concrete foundation, perimeter walls, and partition walls dividing the structure into three separate underground tanks. The roof structure was comprised of 240 precast hollow core planks supporting an insulated green roof. Approximately eight (8) years after construction, the roof planks began to exhibit severe deterioration at the longitudinal expansion joints between planks. CA performed, among other things, site visits to the water filtration plant and precast manufacturing facility, a review of construction documents including plans, drawings, and specifications, review of expert reports and material testing results, photographic documentation of the available roof planks from original construction, petrographic examination of sampled materials, and a structural evaluation of the roof system and its individual components. CA’s investigation successfully determined the cause and factors contributing to the distress mechanism of the planks."; project_category[56] = "Precastprestressedconcrete, Concretejoints, Tanksretentionsystems"; project_keywords[56] = "Forensicinvestigations;Structuralassessments;Durabilityofmaterials;Precastprestressedconcrete;Concretejoints;Tanksretentionsystems;Waterretainingstructures;Fieldconditionsurvey;Specifications;Petrographicexamination;Concretetesting;Undergroundstructures;Thermalanalysis"; project_photonumber[56] = "10"; project[57] = "vibration"; project_name[57] = "Vibration Damage Investigation"; project_location[57] = "Galveston, Texas"; project_description[57] = "In July and August of 1998, blasting and seismic testing part of a geophysical exploration was being performed in the Houston/Galveston area. CA was retained to investigate the effect of the alleged vibrations and determine if the observed distress in several residences was caused by the vibrations resulting from the geophysical exploration. CA's investigation consisted of, among other activities, performing a detailed condition survey of these houses, analyzing the excitation data including maximum peak particle velocity and maximum displacement following industry standards for the damage threshold level, and examining concrete cores. Further, CA participated in a demonstration testing program designed to document the effect of vibrations from geophysical explorations on existing structures. As a result of the investigation, CA was able to evaluate the reported distress at these residences and analyze the results from testing performed to determine the effects of the alleged vibrations."; project_category[57] = "vibration"; project_keywords[57] = "Forensicinvestigations;Foundations;Geotechnicalassessments;Vibrationdamage;Concretetesting;Fieldtesting"; project_photonumber[57] = "10";